DESCRIPTION
These products are sterile, nonpyrogenic solutions each containing isotonic concentrations of electrolytes (with or without dextrose) in water for injection. The solutions containing dextrose and electrolytes are hypertonic; those containing only electrolytes are isotonic. They are administered by intravenous infusion for parenteral replacement of extracellular losses of fluid and electrolytes, with or without minimal carbohydrate calories.
Each 100 ml of Lactated Ringer's Injection, USP contains sodium chloride 600 mg, sodium lactate, anhydrous 310 mg, potassium chloride 30 mg, and calcium chloride, dihydrate 20 mg. May contain hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. A liter provides 9 calories (from lactate), sodium (Na+), 130 mEq, potassium (K+) 4 mEq, calcium (Ca++) 3 mEq, chloride (Cl−) 109 mEq and lactate [CH3CH(OH) COO−] 28 mEq. The electrolyte content is isotonic (273 mOsmol/liter, calc.) in relation to the extracellular fluid (approx. 280 mOsmol/liter). The pH of the solution is 6.6 (6.0 − 7.5).
Each 100 ml of Lactated Ringer's and 5% Dextrose Injection, USP contains dextrose, hydrous 5 g plus the same ingredients and mEq values as Lactated Ringer's Injection, USP (contains only hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment). A liter provides 179 calories (from dextrose and lactate) and has a hypertonic osmolar concentration of 525 mOsmol (calc.). The pH is 4.9 (4.0 − 6.5).
The solutions contain no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent, or added buffer (except for pH adjustment), and each is intended only for use as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded.
The solutions are parenteral fluid, nutrient, and/or electrolyte replenishers. Dextrose, USP is chemically designated D-glucose, monohydrate (C6H12O6 • H2O), a hexose sugar freely soluble in water.
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